A Comprehensive Review on Current Performance, Challenges and Progress in Thin-Film Solar Cells

Due to the recent surge in silicon demand for solar modules, thin-film photovoltaic (PV) modules have a potential penetrate market significant numbers. As an alternate candidate, thin film technologies PVs ability achieve better performance. The competing PV flexibility adapt any sort of curvature compared rigid cells (SCs). peculiar characteristics newer materials, stability issues, reflection losses, advancements electrode materials and dopant with photoactive layer are current challenges driving industrial-academic voyage development betterment Photo-conversion Efficiency (PCE). Based on used over time, SC evolution was broadly classified into first, second third generation SCs. In this review, basic working mechanisms, various used, drawbacks issues different SCs discussed extensively. Thin tend absorb certain elastic deformations due their flexible nature extent. According NREL efficiency chart, multi-junctional exhibit enhanced as other Among third-generation SCs, perovskite/Si tandem architecture shows maximum approximately 29%. find application sectors such automobile, defense and/or energy storage devices